Do Some Basic UNIX - Revision history

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2011-07-07T00:39:25Z

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<h2>Some basic unix commands</h2>
<h3>Want more? Try the excellent tutorials at
[http://freeengineer.org/learnUNIXin10minutes.html FreeEngineer.org],
[http://www.mayo.edu/bir/bir/tutor.html Mayo],
[http://www.unixgeeks.org/security/newbie/unix/ UnixGeeks.org] or
[http://www.isu.edu/departments/comcom/unix/workshop/unixindex.html Idaho state] and, of course, the [http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bashref.html bash manual]</h3>

<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
<tr>

<th bgcolor="silver">Command</th>
<th bgcolor="silver">Meaning</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">man function</td>
<td>show the manual page for a function</td>

</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">id</td>
<td>list your personal user id, username, and the groups you belong to.</td>

</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">id username</td>
<td>list username's id, username, and the groups they belong to.</td>

</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">top
<td>shows currently running processes - do not leave this running for more than 30sec (ctrl-c)
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">ps

<td>show the names of all running processes
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">mkdir dir_name
<td>create a sub-directory of the current directory
</tr>

<tr>
<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">rmdir dir_name</td>
<td>remove a directory. You must remove files in the directory first. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">cp source dest</td>

<td>copy a file or directory from source to dest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">rm file_name</td>
<td>remove a file (permanent!)</td>

</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">chmod xxx file_name</td>
<td>change the file permissions:
Three numbers indicate the permissions for the owner, the group and the world.
<dl>
<dd type="1">1 - execute permission
<dd type="1">2 - write permission
<dd type="1">4 - read permission

You can add these permissions together, for example:
<dl>
<dd type="1">7 - read, write, execute
<dd type="1">6 - read and write (not execute)
<dd type="1">5 - read and execute (not write)
</dl>
chmod 777 filename
<ul>
<li type="1">Give all users read, write and execute</li>
</ul>

chmod 744 filename
<ul>
<li type="1">owner read, write, execute</li>
<li type="1">group members and all others read only</li>
</ul>
chmod 755 filename
<ul>
<li type="1">owner read, write, execute
<li type="1">all other read and execute (but not write)
</ul>

chmod 700 filename
<ul>
<li type="1">owner read, write execute
<li type="1">others: no access
</ul>
chmod -R will make these changes to all of the files in any sub-directories, as well.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">chgrp groupname filename</td>
<td>change the group that has access to the file. For example: chgrp bookheimergroup myWork </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">ls</td>
<td>list contents of current directory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">ls -l</td>
<td>list the contents of the directory (long form, showing sizes)</td>

</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">ls dir_name</td>
<td>list the contents of the named directory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">cd dir_name</td>

<td>change to the named directory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">pwd</td>
<td>show the name of the current directory</td>
</tr>
<tr>

<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">.</td>
<td>the current directory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">..</td>
<td>the parent directory of this directory</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">more file_name</td>
<td>print out the contents of the named (text) file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">df</td>

<td>show the free space on the present disk</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">du</td>
<td>show the disk usage on the system</td>
</tr>
<tr>

<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">*</td>
<td>unix wild card - matches all file names (except those beginning with '.')

e.g. rm * will remove all files from the current directory!

You will absolutely never type 'rm *'. Ever.

Always type something like "ls *" first to verify what such a wildcard will match

</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">xemacs file_name 
textedit file_name 
nedit file_name 

vi file_name</td>
<td>These are all text editors that are found commonly on unix systems. 
Most people seem to prefer xemacs, but each has its adherents.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod">?</td>

<td>matches any single character</td>
</tr>

Mscohen at 20:54, 11 September 2006

2006-09-11T20:54:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:54, 11 September 2006
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	e.g. <font face="verdana,arial">rm *</font> will remove all files from the current directory!		e.g. <font face="verdana,arial">rm *</font> will remove all files from the current directory!


	<b><font color="#FF0000" size="+1">You will absolutely never type 'rm *'. Ever.</font></b>		<b><font color="#FF0000" size="+1">You will absolutely never type 'rm *'. Ever.</font></b>

	~~<p>~~<i>Always type something like</i><font face="verdana,arial"> "ls *" </font>first to verify what such a wildcard will match		<i>Always type something like</i><font face="verdana,arial"> "ls *" </font>first to verify what such a wildcard will match

	</td>		</td>

Mscohen at 20:53, 11 September 2006

2006-09-11T20:53:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:53, 11 September 2006
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	</ul>		</ul>

	<font face="courier">chmod 700 <i>filename</i></font~~></p~~>		<font face="courier">chmod 700 <i>filename</i></font>
	<ul>		<ul>
	<li type="1">owner read, write execute		<li type="1">owner read, write execute
Line 139:		Line 139:
	e.g. <font face="verdana,arial">rm *</font> will remove all files from the current directory!		e.g. <font face="verdana,arial">rm *</font> will remove all files from the current directory!

	~~<p>~~
	<b><font color="#FF0000" size="+1">You will absolutely never type 'rm *'. Ever.</font></b>		<b><font color="#FF0000" size="+1">You will absolutely never type 'rm *'. Ever.</font></b>

	<p><i>Always type something like</i><font face="verdana,arial"> "ls *" </font>first to verify what such a wildcard will match		<p><i>Always type something like</i><font face="verdana,arial"> "ls *" </font>first to verify what such a wildcard will match

Mscohen at 20:52, 11 September 2006

2006-09-11T20:52:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:52, 11 September 2006
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	</ul>		</ul>

	~~<p>~~<font face="courier">chmod 744 <i>filename</i></font>		<font face="courier">chmod 744 <i>filename</i></font>
	<ul>		<ul>
	<li type="1">owner read, write, execute</li>		<li type="1">owner read, write, execute</li>
Line 136:		Line 136:
	<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod"><font face="verdana,arial">*</font></td>		<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod"><font face="verdana,arial">*</font></td>
	<td>unix wild card - matches all file names (except those beginning with '.')		<td>unix wild card - matches all file names (except those beginning with '.')
	~~<p>~~e.g. <font face="verdana,arial">rm *</font> will remove all files from the current directory!
	<p ~~align="center"~~><b><font size="+1~~"><font color="#FF0000~~">You will absolutely never type 'rm *'. Ever.</font></~~font~~></b>		e.g. <font face="verdana,arial">rm *</font> will remove all files from the current directory!
	<i>Always type something like</i><font face="verdana,arial"> "ls *" </font>first to verify what such a wildcard will match~~</p>~~
			<p>
			<b><font color="#FF0000" size="+1">You will absolutely never type 'rm *'. Ever.</font></b>
			<p><i>Always type something like</i><font face="verdana,arial"> "ls *" </font>first to verify what such a wildcard will match

	</td>		</td>

Mscohen at 20:51, 11 September 2006

2006-09-11T20:51:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:51, 11 September 2006
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	<li type="1">group members and all others read only</li>		<li type="1">group members and all others read only</li>
	</ul>		</ul>
	~~<p>~~<font face="courier">chmod 755 <i>filename</i></font>		<font face="courier">chmod 755 <i>filename</i></font>
	<ul>		<ul>
	<li type="1">owner read, write, execute		<li type="1">owner read, write, execute
Line 78:		Line 78:
	</ul>		</ul>

	~~<p>~~<font face="courier">chmod 700 <i>filename</i></font></p>		<font face="courier">chmod 700 <i>filename</i></font></p>
	<ul>		<ul>
	<li type="1">owner read, write execute		<li type="1">owner read, write execute
Line 137:		Line 137:
	<td>unix wild card - matches all file names (except those beginning with '.')		<td>unix wild card - matches all file names (except those beginning with '.')
	<p>e.g. <font face="verdana,arial">rm *</font> will remove all files from the current directory!		<p>e.g. <font face="verdana,arial">rm *</font> will remove all files from the current directory!
	<p align="center"><b><font size="+1"~~><blink~~><font color="#FF0000">You will absolutely never type 'rm *'. Ever.</font~~></blink~~></font></b~~></p~~>		<p align="center"><b><font size="+1"><font color="#FF0000">You will absolutely never type 'rm *'. Ever.</font></font></b>
	~~<p>~~<i>Always type something like</i><font face="verdana,arial"> "ls *" </font>first to verify what such a wildcard will match</p>		<i>Always type something like</i><font face="verdana,arial"> "ls *" </font>first to verify what such a wildcard will match</p>

	</td>		</td>

Mscohen at 20:50, 11 September 2006

2006-09-11T20:50:05Z

Mscohen at 20:49, 11 September 2006

2006-09-11T20:49:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:49, 11 September 2006
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	[http://www.isu.edu/departments/comcom/unix/workshop/unixindex.html Idaho state]</h3>		[http://www.isu.edu/departments/comcom/unix/workshop/unixindex.html Idaho state]</h3>

	~~<p>~~
	<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">		<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	<tr>		<tr>
Line 19:		Line 19:
	</tr>		</tr>
	<tr>		<tr>
	<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod"><font face="verdana,arial">top</font~~></td~~>		<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod"><font face="verdana,arial">top</font>
	<td>shows currently running processes - do not leave this running for more than 30sec (ctrl-c)~~</td>~~		<td>shows currently running processes - do not leave this running for more than 30sec (ctrl-c)
	</tr>		</tr>
	<tr>		<tr>
	<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod"><font face="verdana,arial">ps</font~~></td~~>		<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod"><font face="verdana,arial">ps</font>

	<td>show the names of all running processes~~</td>~~		<td>show the names of all running processes
	</tr>		</tr>
	<tr>		<tr>
	<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod"><font face="verdana,arial">mkdir</font> <i>dir_name</i~~></td~~>		<td bgcolor="paleGoldenrod"><font face="verdana,arial">mkdir</font> <i>dir_name</i>
	<td>create a sub-directory of the current directory~~</td>~~		<td>create a sub-directory of the current directory
	</tr>		</tr>

Mscohen at 20:34, 11 September 2006

2006-09-11T20:34:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:34, 11 September 2006
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	<td>matches any single character</td>		<td>matches any single character</td>
	</tr>		</tr>
	~~</table>~~

Mscohen at 00:34, 9 September 2006

2006-09-09T00:34:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:34, 9 September 2006
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	<p>Three numbers indicate the permissions for the owner, the group and the world.</p>		<p>Three numbers indicate the permissions for the owner, the group and the world.</p>
	<dl>		<dl>
	<dd type="1">1 - execute permission~~</dd>~~		<dd type="1">1 - execute permission
	<dd type="1">2 - write permission~~</dd>~~		<dd type="1">2 - write permission
	<dd type="1">4 - read permission~~</dd>~~<p>		<dd type="1">4 - read permission<p>


	You can add these permissions together, for example:		You can add these permissions together, for example:
	<dl>		<dl>
	<dd type="1">7 - read, write, execute</dd>		<dd type="1">7 - read, write, execute</dd>
	<dd type="1">6 - read and write (not execute)</dd>		<dd type="1">6 - read and write (not execute)</dd>
	<dd type="1">5 - read and execute (not write)</dd>		<dd type="1">5 - read and execute (not write)</dd>
	~~</dl>~~
	~~<p>~~<font face="courier">chmod 777 <i>filename</i></font></p>		<font face="courier">chmod 777 <i>filename</i></font></p>
	<ul>		<ul>
	<li type="1">Give all users read, write and execute</li>		<li type="1">Give all users read, write and execute</li>

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:50, 11 September 2006
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	You can add these permissions together, for example:		You can add these permissions together, for example:
	<dl>		<dl>
	<dd type="1">7 - read, write, execute~~</dd>~~		<dd type="1">7 - read, write, execute
	<dd type="1">6 - read and write (not execute)~~</dd>~~		<dd type="1">6 - read and write (not execute)
	<dd type="1">5 - read and execute (not write)~~</dd>~~		<dd type="1">5 - read and execute (not write)

	<font face="courier">chmod 777 <i>filename</i></font~~></p~~>		<font face="courier">chmod 777 <i>filename</i></font>
	<ul>		<ul>
	<li type="1">Give all users read, write and execute</li>		<li type="1">Give all users read, write and execute</li>
	</ul>		</ul>

	<p><font face="courier">chmod 744 <i>filename</i></font~~></p~~>		<p><font face="courier">chmod 744 <i>filename</i></font>
	<ul>		<ul>
	<li type="1">owner read, write, execute</li>		<li type="1">owner read, write, execute</li>
	<li type="1">group members and all others read only</li>		<li type="1">group members and all others read only</li>
	</ul>		</ul>
	<p><font face="courier">chmod 755 <i>filename</i></font~~></p~~>		<p><font face="courier">chmod 755 <i>filename</i></font>
	<ul>		<ul>
	<li type="1">owner read, write, execute		<li type="1">owner read, write, execute